A Butterfly and Biotechnology

Oral cancer refers to cancer in any part of your mouth like tongue, lips, palate etc., Cancer may be due to various reasons like irritation due to continuous alcohol consumption, smoking, poor oral hygiene etc., And it can also happen due to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Human Papilloma Virus is a type of non enveloped virus (Papilloma) that can infect humans. They are classified generally as "High Risk" and "Low Risk" types. The high risk type HPV 16 is found to cause oro-pharyngeal cancer. Diagnosis: Generally biopsy is done where a small part of your tumor is removed and observed under microscope. The biopsy can be just cutting a small portion or it can also be done using brush for collecting the cells. After confirming the abnormality using this microscopic observation, further analysis is done for finding out the type of HPV which caused the oral cancer or to find whether the cancer is just because of alcohol/smoking. This further analysis can be d...

It was 24th December I believe! I just saw the details of the Indian Academy of Fellowship only a week before the last date. I decided to apply for it and just applied in a hurry actually, yes, it was really a hurry! I was done with everything and sent the application. I was waiting for the release of selected list of candidates from the first of March. They updated the selection list everyday but my name was not on the list till 25th of March! I used to go to the IAS website everyday and check the list, but, my name was not there in the selected list of candidates. I lost all my hope and decided that I won't get selected. But, it happened! I received a mail from the Academy after 25th of March! I was happy to the core, jumping up and down. Because, I was never out of my town from my child hood all alone. And, this fellowship was something really precious for me! I believed that this would change my destiny to a better place! I was happy till my father said "no" to th...

We are going to discuss here about three different typing! They are genotyping, phenotyping and karyotyping. Before learning about them let us learn what is genotype, phenotype and karyotype! Genotype, phenotype and karyotype Genotype refers to the genetic make up of an organism. Generally the genes of an organism. The genotype of an organism can be represented as BB or Bb or bb based on the gene. If a person is having two recessive CFTR genes, then he will be getting cytic fibrosis. Genotype of an organism has also effect over the phenotype. Thus, genotype is representing the alleles of a gene in general. Genotyping is generally done based on PCR or hybridization. Phenotype refers to the visible characters like structure, color and also the biochemical characters. This is based on the phenotype. Phenotyping can be done using biochemical assays. Karyotype refers to the number of structure of chromosomes in an organism. karyotyping is done by staining and visualising the cells...